Comparison Of Advantages And Disadvantages Of Various Batteries

1. Lead-acid battery

Advantages: good reliability, easy availability of raw materials, low price; specific power (150~400w/kg), which can basically meet the power requirements of electric vehicles.

Disadvantages: low specific energy (35~45wh/kg), too much mass and volume, and short mileage on one charge; short service life (300~400 times).

2. Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries: Advantages: higher specific energy and specific power, and maintenance-free.

Disadvantages: The battery itself has poor heat dissipation and has certain requirements for operating temperature.

3. Winding valve-regulated lead-acid battery: Advantages: higher discharge rate, better high and low temperature performance, and long life.

Disadvantages: The structure and process are complicated, and the quality of domestic products needs to be improved.

4. Ni-MH battery

Advantages: longer cycle life (>600 times), no memory effect, higher specific energy (65wh/kg), higher specific power (800w/kg).

Disadvantages: higher price.

5. Lithium-ion battery

Advantages: high voltage, high specific energy (155wh/kg), high specific power (315w/kg), no pollution, no memory effect, long service life (1000 times). Disadvantages: high cost, special protection circuit is necessary.

6. Nickel-cadmium batteries

Advantages: its specific energy (55wh/kg) and specific power (over 190w/kg), fast charging, long cycle life (>2000 times).

Disadvantages: memory effect, easy to cause environmental pollution, the price is 4 to 5 times that of lead-acid batteries.

7. Sodium-sulfur battery

Advantages: high specific energy (>100wh/kg), high current and high power discharge, low self-discharge rate.

Disadvantages: Its working temperature is 300~350℃, so it needs certain heating and insulation. And because of the serious high temperature corrosion, the battery life is short (up to 1200 times with vacuum insulation).

8. Nickel zinc battery

Advantages: high specific energy (60wh/kg), high specific power and high current discharge, low self-discharge, long service life (>500 times).

Disadvantages: The price is still slightly more expensive.

9. Zinc-air battery

Advantages: high specific energy (230wh/kg), small size, "charging" with zinc electrode replacement, fast speed, and cheap anode and cathode materials.

Disadvantages: The oxygen in the air is needed when discharging, it cannot be sealed, and the structure problem is difficult to solve.

10. Flywheel battery

Advantages: physical method to achieve energy storage, high specific energy (150wh/kg), high specific power (5000~

10000W/kg), long life.

Disadvantages: The carbon fiber material used to manufacture the flywheel is still very expensive and the cost is relatively high.

11. Super capacitor battery

Advantages: small size; fast charging speed; high current discharge; super capacitors can be welded, so there are no problems such as weak battery contact; long service life;

Disadvantages: low withstand voltage; improper use will cause electrolyte leakage, etc.; it cannot be used in AC circuits.